结构创新的楼房猪场是防非保供的一种可行模式

传统的养猪模式难以应对诸如非洲猪瘟这样的疫病,普通平层猪场叠加而成的楼房没有从本质上得到改进,而结构创新之后的楼房猪场在养猪的可靠性上大大增强,并可能发展为城市养猪新模式,为防非保猪、稳产保供提供一种解决方案。在此基础上升级的"料、养、宰、商一体化"造肉工厂模式,更是一种能把运猪变为运肉的可行解决方案。当这些模式得到应用和推广时,困扰行业的"猪周期"问题也将得到妥善解决。     

城市池塘水质时间变化特性--以扬州大学江阳路南校区池塘为例

城市中的池塘是城市水体的重要组成部分,为揭示城市化背景下池塘水体水质的时间变化特性,选取扬州大学江阳路南校区池塘为研究区,对该池塘2018年7月至2019年6月的水质参数蓝绿藻浓度(Phyco)、水温(WT)、溶解氧(DO)、pH与电导率(EC)进行观测,采用变异系数法、单因子水质标识指数法以及多元线性回归法对各参数的变化特性进行评价。结果显示:池塘WT呈季节性变化;观测期间pH变化范围为7.74~9.98,水体呈碱性;DO变化的随机性较强,未表现出明显变化规律;各水质参数变异性及权重从大到小依次为WT>DO>EC>pH;以DO为指标的单因子水质标识指数结果表明:池塘DO达到Ⅲ类水要求的时段占总观测时段的84%;多元线性回归分析结果表明:DO与WT、pH呈正相关,与Phyco呈负相关,Phyco及pH的变化对DO浓度的影响相对于WT大。     

Tomato brown rugose fruit disease: current distribution,knowledge and future prospects

Tomato is the most economically important fruit/vegetable crop grown worldwide. However, viral diseases remain an important factor limiting its productivity, with estimated quantitative and qualitative yield losses in tomato crops often reaching up to 100%. Many viruses infecting tomato have been reported, while new viral diseases have also emerged. The climatic changes the world is experiencing can be a contributing factor to the successful spread of newly emerging viruses, as well as the establishment of disease in areas that were previously either unfavourable or where the disease was absent. Because antiviral products are not available, strategies to mitigate viral diseases rely on genetic resistance/tolerance to infection, control of vectors, improvement in crop hygiene, roguing of infected plants and seed certification. Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is an emerging viral threat to tomato productivity and is currently spreading into new areas, which is of great concern to the growing global production in the absence of mitigation measures. This review presents the current knowledge about ToBRFV and future prospects for an improved understanding of the virus, which will be needed to support effective control and mitigation of the impact it is likely to cause.     

Worlding aspirations and resilient futures: Framings of risk and contemporary city‐making in Metro Cebu,the Philippines

In the Philippines, calls for creating ‘global’, ‘sustainable’ and ‘resilient’ cities are placing urban poor communities in increasingly precarious positions. These communities have long been the targets of urban development and ‘modernisation’ efforts; more recently the erasure of informal settlements from Philippine cities is being bolstered at the behest of climate change adaptation and disaster risk management (DRM) agendas. In Metro Cebu, flood management has been at the heart of DRM and broader urban development discussions, and is serving as justification for the demolition and displacement of informal settler communities in areas classed as ‘danger zones’. Using Kusno's (2010) interpretation of the ‘exemplary centre’ as a point of departure, this paper interrogates the relationship between DRM, worlding aspirations (Roy and Ong, 2011) and market‐oriented urbanisation in Cebu, and considers the socio‐spatial implications of these intersecting processes for urban poor communities. Through analysing the contradictions inherent in framings of certain bodies and spaces as being ‘of risk’ or ‘at risk’ over others, I argue that the epistemologies of modernity, disaster risk and resilience endorsed and propagated by the state are facilitating processes of displacement and dispossession that serve elite commercial interests under the auspices of disaster resilience and pro‐poor development.     

我国大蒜产业现状及发展对策

大蒜是一种经济作物。我国大蒜种植历史悠久,目前以大蒜产业为主要收入的农户有千万人以上;在国际市场上,我国大蒜占据超过60%的份额,是世界上最大的大蒜生产国和消费国。然而,随着经济的发展,大蒜产业在发展过程中逐渐暴露出许多问题。本文针对我国大蒜产业的现状和问题,提出了解决对策,为我国调整大蒜产业发展结构提供理论依据。     

基于GM(1,1)的天然次生林空间结构预测

【目的】系统地分析已有天然次生林林分空间结构数据,通过灰色模型预测天然次生林林分空间结构各指标未来的发展趋势,对天然林经营具有十分重要的意义。【方法】以湖南大围山自然保护区典型次生林为研究对象,依据结构化森林经营理论,选取了混交度、竞争指数、角尺度、空间密度指数、开阔比数、大小比数、林分综合均质性指数作为天然次生林林分空间结构合理性评价与预测的量化指标,构建了基于GM(1,1)的天然次生林林分空间结构灰色预测模型。模型将2008年林分空间结构各指标的平均值作为初始值,并在研究区设置了面积为20 m×20 m的5个研究样地(M1,M2,M3,M4,M5),利用保护区2008-2018年典型样地林分空间信息,预测了研究区调研样地2019年-2021年林分空间结构各指标未来的变化趋势。【结果】利用精度检验机制对该模型的精确度进行了有效性检验,检验结果表明,所有指标预测合格概率P合=71.43%,良好的概率P良好=22.86%,优的概率P优=5.71%,表明该预测模型符合精度检验要求。【结论】样地未来3 a各指标整体变化尺度不大,林分空间结构基本稳定。从各指标在2008-2018年时空上的变化规律来看,各样地林分平均竞争指数、平均大小比数及平均空间密度指数是影响林分均质性指数的关键指标。     

不同种植模式玉米生长发育和产量形成的研究

为研究不同种植模式玉米生长发育和产量形成的差异,以玉米‘京农科728’为研究对象,设置65 cm均匀垄作(CK)、68 cm均匀行平作(M1)和136 cm大垄双行垄作(M2)3种种植模式,对出苗质量、植株形态、光合生理特性和产量及产量构成因素进行比较分析。结果表明：与对照相比,M2保苗密度显著增加,株距显著缩小且变异系数更低;M2株高、穗位高、叶面积指数和单株干物重分别降低12.61%、11.21%、1.59%和3.67%,群体繁茂程度较低但叶面积指数和单株干物重下降程度均较小;M2净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间二氧化碳浓度和蒸腾速率分别提高了25.24%、25.41%、53.60%和14.82%,功能叶片的光合能力显著增强;2017—2018年M2分别增产12.60%和17.59%,群体收获穗数的显著提高是增产的主要原因。本研究推荐,黑龙江省第一积温带玉米适宜种植模式为136 cm大垄双行（宽行90 cm+窄行46 cm）垄作模式。     

高山杜鹃成都平原越夏生长研究

为加强对高山杜鹃的引种栽培,筛选出适合成都平原栽植的高山杜鹃品种,对引进的11个品种高山杜鹃的整株生长指标（冠幅、株高、地径、分蘖能力）、枝条生长指标（分枝数、最长分枝长度、单枝粗度、最长枝叶片数）、叶片生长指标（叶长、叶宽、叶片厚度）、夏稍长度以及热害指数进行评估。结果表明,引进的11个品种高山杜鹃均能在一定程度上适应成都平原越夏生长,其中‘王妃’的综合表现最好,尤其是其冠幅、株高、地径、最长分枝长度、单枝粗度、叶长、叶宽,在引种2个月后的增幅分别达到了131.43%、155.07%、53.79%、103.65%、26.66%、21.51%、27.34%;‘喜悦’的热害指数最低,几乎不受害。此外,‘粉蜜’、‘红溢’也表现不俗。因此,引进高山杜鹃品种‘王妃’、‘粉蜜’、‘红溢’、‘喜悦’适应成都平原的越夏生长,可进一步推广栽植。     

立体绿化集成技术配套产品开发利用研究进展

当前立体绿化在国内多个大中城市中得到了蓬勃发展,促进了相关配套产品的研发和推广应用,同时新型的配套产品又推动了立体绿化的快速发展。本文对华南地区立体绿化基质产品、蓄水种植容器、植被毯、绿墙、生态植被砖等相关配套产品的研发及应用情况展开综述,旨在为今后能更有效地推广立体绿化集成技术及相关产品提供参考。     

Measuring fish catch and consumption: Practical methods for small‐scale fisheries based on length as an alternative to weight‐based approaches

Small‐scale fisheries are recognised as making important contributions to nutrition and economic development despite a lack of accurate quantitative information on catches and consumption. While direct measurement remains the most appropriate way of collecting such data, it is impractical at large scales. Instead, household surveys based upon informant recall of fish caught and/or consumed are frequently used. However, the accuracy of weight recall by informants (even over short recall periods) has not been established. Using data from household surveys, the accuracy and precision of catch and consumption estimates derived from: (a) asking informants to recall weights of fish caught and (b) asking respondents to recall lengths of fish caught and converting to weight were tested. Length‐based methods, using visual aids to assist recall, were more accurate, precise and correctable. These methods could be useful for catch estimation, especially where fish are processed, sold or consumed shortly after capture.